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TIME: Almanac 1995
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1994-09-09
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<text id=94TT0996>
<title>
Aug. 01, 1994: Science:What If a Comet Hits Earth?
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
Aug. 01, 1994 This is the beginning...:Rwanda/Zaire
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SCIENCE, Page 51
What If a Comet Hits Earth?
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Imagine that one of Shoemaker-Levy 9's bigger pieces--a mile
or two in diameter--is streaking in at 130,000 m.p.h., except
that the target is not Jupiter but Earth. The mammoth chunk
of rock and ice tears through the atmosphere and smashes into
the ground with the force of 6 million H-bombs, gouging out
a crater the size of Rhode Island and throwing so much pulverized
real estate into the stratosphere that the sun is blocked for
months and Earth goes into a worldwide deep freeze. If the comet
hits an ocean, a pall of dust rises from underwarter sediment,
and a tidal wave several thousand feet high races across the
sea and hundreds of miles inland.
</p>
<p> If that sounds like science fiction, think again. Comets and
asteroids have crashed into Earth in the past. Craters marking
the points of impact are mostly hidden by vegetation, their
edges softened by erosion. But the size of some of the holes
suggests that Earth has been hit by intruders at least seveal
miles in diameter, as big as S-L 9 before it broke up.
</p>
<p> It was probably such an object that wiped out the dinosaurs
65 million years ago. Realizing that a deadly collision could
happen again, astronomer Eugene Shoemaker decided nearly two
decades ago to use a small but powerful telescope to look for
comets and asteroids headed this way. Five years ago, a member
of Shoemaker's team saw a chunk of rock perhaps a third of a
mile across that had just zipped by the planet at a distance
of only 450,000 miles. There are about 2,000 large bodies that
cross the orbit of Earth and could, in theory, hit us. That
is why Shoemaker and his colleagues have for years been urging
a stepped-up program to search for Earth-crossing comets and
asteroids. Now S-L 9 has spurred Congress to listen. Last week
the House Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space added
an amendment to the NASA appropriation bill requiring the space
agency to come up with a plan to find and catalog all menacing
heavenly intruders within a decade.
</p>
<p> What if one turns out to be on a collision course with Earth?
Star Wars scientists think a nuclear warhead sent out to blow
the comet off course might work, but others doubt it. Even if
no one has a good answer yet, lawmakers have taken the first
step: acknowledging that the threat is real.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>